Colon cancer

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Hajar Shokri on Oct 21, 2012 Says :

thanks

peterson on Oct 13, 2011 Says :

VERY DANGEROUS FORM OF CANCER

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Notes

Show Notes

Slide 1 :

Colon cancer

Slide 2 :

Colon culture

Slide 3 :

Overview Colon, or colorectal, cancer is cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon) or the rectum (end of the colon). Other types of cancer can affect the colon, such as lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, melanoma, and sarcomas. These are rare. In this article, use of the term "colon cancer" refers to colon carcinoma only.

Slide 4 :

According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States. However, early diagnosis often leads to a complete cure. Almost all colon cancer starts in glands in the lining of the colon and rectum. When most people and when doctors talk about colorectal cancer, this is generally what they are referring to. There is no single cause for colon cancer. Nearly all colon cancers begin as noncancerous (benign) polyps, which slowly develop into cancer.You have a higher risk for colon cancer if you: Causes

Slide 5 :

The large intestine

Slide 6 :

Causes *Are older than 60 *Are African American and eastern European descent *Eat a diet high in red or processed meat *Have cancer elsewhere in the body and Have colorectal polyps *Have inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) *Have a family history of colon cancer*Have a personal history of breast cancer

Slide 7 :

Symptoms *Abdominal pain and tenderness in the lower abdomen *Blood in the stool *Diarrhea, constipation, or other change in bowel habits *Intestinal obstruction *Narrow stools and Unexplained anemia *Weight loss with no known reason

Slide 8 :

*Colonoscopy*Sigmoidoscopy and Liver function tests *Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia *Stage 0: Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine *Stage I: Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon *Stage II: Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon *Stage III: Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes *Stage IV: Cancer has spread to other organs Tests & diagnosis

Slide 9 :

Sigmoid colon cancer, X-ray

Slide 10 :

Tests & diagnosis With proper screening, colon cancer can be detected before symptoms develop, when it is most curable.Your doctor will perform a physical exam and press on your belly area. The physical exam rarely shows any problems, although the doctor may feel a mass in the abdomen. A rectal exam may reveal a mass in patients with rectal cancer, but not colon cancer.A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) may detect small amounts of blood in the stool, which could suggest colon cancer. However, this test is often negative in patients with colon cancer. For this reason, a FOBT must be done along with colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. It is also important to note that a positive FOBT doesn't necessarily mean you have cancer.Imaging tests to diagnose colorectal cancer include:

Slide 11 :

Spleen metastasis - CT scan

Slide 12 :

Treatment *Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells and Freezing the cancer (cryotherapy) *Surgery (most often a colectomy) to remove cancer cells *Radiation therapy to destroy cancerous tissue *Irinotecan, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and 5-fluorouracil are the three most commonly used drugs. *Monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), and bevacizumab (Avastin) have been used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. *Burning the cancer (ablation) and Cutting out the cancer *Delivering chemotherapy or radiation directly into the liver

Slide 13 :

Prognosis Colon cancer is, in many cases, a treatable disease if caught early.How well you do depends on many things, including the stage of the cancer. In general, when treated at an early stage, the vast majority of patients survive at least 5 years after their diagnosis. (This is called the 5-year survival rate.) However, the 5-year survival rate drops considerably once the cancer has spread. If the colon cancer does not come back (recur) within 5 years, it is considered cured. Stage I, II, and III cancers are considered potentially curable. In most cases, stage IV cancer is not curable.

Slide 14 :

Rectal cancer, X-ray

Slide 15 :

Complications *Blockage of the colon *Cancer returning in the colon *Cancer spreading to other organs or tissues (metastasis) *Development of a second primary colorectal cancer

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When to contact a doctor Call your health care provider if you have:

Slide 17 :

Prevention *Colon cancer screening *Colonoscopy

Slide 18 :

References National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Colon Cancer. V3.2009.Cuzick J, Otto F, Baron JA, et al. Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for cancer prevention: an international consensus statement. Lancet Oncol. 2009 May;10(5):501-7.Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancer. N Engl JMed. 2009 Sep 17;361(12):1179-87.Cappell MS. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of colon cancer. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008;37:1-24.

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