Allergy Mind Map

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Slide 1 : Asthma Drug Allergies Food Allergies Anaphylaxis Signs & Symptom Sneezing Rashes Redness & itching Possibly Pain Causes Foods Genetic basis Hygiene hypothesis Acute response Prevention Avoidance of Pollens Avoidance of Molds Avoidance of mosquitoes Avoidance of bees Pharmacotherapy Immunotherapy Treatment Types ALLERGY - MIND MAP ALLERGY Diagnosis Skin Testing Blood Testing
Slide 2 : An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system.[1] Allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substances in the environment.
Slide 3 : Many allergens such as dust or pollen are airborne particles. In these cases, symptoms arise in areas in contact with air, such as eyes, nose, and lungs.
Slide 4 : A sneeze (or sternutation) is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa.
Slide 5 : A rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance or texture. A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered.
Slide 6 : Itch (Latin: pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch. Itch has resisted many attempts to classify it as any one type of sensory experience.
Slide 7 : Pain is an unpleasant sensation often caused by intense or damaging stimuli such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone.
Slide 8 : Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely host and environmental factors.[11] Host factors include heredity, gender, race, and age, with heredity being by far the most significant.
Slide 9 : One of the most common food allergies is a sensitivity to peanuts. Peanut allergies may be extremely severe, but can sometimes be outgrown by children school-age.
Slide 10 : Allergic diseases are strongly familial: identical twins are likely to have the same allergic diseases about 70% of the time; the same allergy occurs about 40% of the time in non-identical twins.
Slide 11 : In the early stages of allergy, a type I hypersensitivity reaction against an allergen encountered for the first time and presented by a professional Antigen-Presenting Cell causes a response in a type of immune cell called a TH2 lymphocyte.
Slide 12 : he goal of any family prone to allergies is to prevent the development of allergies in their child. Various strategies have been shown to reduce the development of allergies and asthma, as well as to prevent or delay the onset of food allergies in children
Slide 13 : When pollen is present in the air, it can land in a person’s eyes, nose, lungs and skin to set up an allergic reaction. Symptoms may include allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis (eye allergies) and allergic asthma.
Slide 14 : Molds can also cause severe immune reactions as a result of colonizing (living in, but not causing an actual infection) the lungs (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and the sinuses. Molds are also well known to cause various allergic diseases.
Slide 15 : Many of the mosquito saliva proteins can cause immune reactions, including allergic reactions.These reactions can include both immediate and delayed swelling and itching around the bite area.
Slide 16 : Most people who are stung by these insects will develop a reaction at the site of the sting that will cause pain, swelling, redness and itching.
Slide 17 : Effective management of allergic diseases relies on the ability to make an accurate diagnosis[48]. Allergy testing can help confirm/rule out allergies and consequently reduce adverse reactions and limit unnecessary avoidance and medications.
Slide 18 : Skin allergy testing is a method for medical diagnosis of allergies that attempts to provoke a small, controlled, allergic response.
Slide 19 : An allergy blood test is quick and simple and can be ordered by a licensed health care provider e.g. an allergy specialist, GP or PED. Unlike skin-prick testing, a blood test can be performed irrespective of age, skin condition, medication, symptom.
Slide 20 : Traditional treatment and management of allergies consisted simply of avoiding the allergen in question or otherwise reducing exposure. For instance, people with cat allergies were encouraged to avoid them.
Slide 21 : Several antagonistic drugs are used to block the action of allergic mediators, or to prevent activation of cells and degranulation processes. These include antihistamines, glucocorticoids, epinephrine (adrenaline), theophylline and cromolyn sodium.
Slide 22 : Desensitization or hyposensitization is a treatment in which the patient is gradually vaccinated with progressively larger doses of the allergen in question. This can either reduce the severity or eliminate hypersensitivity altogether.
Slide 23 : Allergies can play a major role in conditions such as asthma. In some people, severe allergies to environmental or dietary allergens or to medication may result in life-threatening reactions called anaphylaxis. Food allergies.
Slide 24 : Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.
Slide 25 : An allergic reaction will not occur on the first exposure to a substance. The first exposure allows the body to create antibodies and memory lymphocyte cells for the antigen.
Slide 26 : A food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food protein.[1][2] They are distinct from other adverse responses to food, such as food intolerance, pharmacological reactions, and toxin-mediated reactions.
Slide 27 : Anaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death".[1] It typically results in a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure. Common causes include insect bites, foods.

 


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