Allergy and Hypersensitivity

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Allergy and Hypersensitivity

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Type I hypersensitivity: anaphylactic and atopic (Allergy) Allergens are small Ags, usually inocuous TH2 response intitiated B cells produced IgE IgE binds mast cells, basophils, eosinophils

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Genetics factors and Allergies Cytokines and their receptors MHC II genes Other polymorphisms

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Increase in Atopic Allergy Environmental factors Exposure to pathogens in childhood Measles, HepA, tuberculosis exposure beneficial? Environmental pollution Eg. Children in Hale, East Germany Allergen levels No evidence of rise Dietary changes No evidence of effect

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Mast Cell mediators

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Eosinophil mediators

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House Dust Mite Ag

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Type II hypersensitivity: cytotoxic Cell-reactive antibodies Cross-reactivity Cell surface adhesion of foreign antigen…cell destruction Complement and phagocytosis activated Red blood cells and platelets most common target

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Type III hypersensitivity: immune complex

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Type IV hypersensitivity: delayed or cell-mediated

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