Asthma - pediatric


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Slide 1 : Asthma - pediatric
Slide 2 : Overview Asthma is a disease of the respiratory system, which causes swelling and narrowing of the airways. Pediatric asthma refers to asthma in children.
Slide 3 : Causes *Animals (hair or dander) and Aspirin and other medications *Changes in weather (most often cold weather) and Dust Exercise *Chemicals in the air or in food and Strong emotions and Tobacco smoke *Mold and Pollen *Viral infections, such as the common cold This article discusses asthma in children. For a more general discussion about the disease, please see asthma. Asthma is commonly seen in children. It is a leading cause of hospital stays and school absences. Children with asthma may be able to breathe normally most of the time.
Slide 4 : Symptoms *Difficulty breathing and Cough *Fast (rapid) breathing and Difficulty breathing *Shortness of breath, even at rest *Bluish color to the lips and face and Tightness in the chest *Severe anxiety due to shortness of breath *Rapid pulse and Sweating *Decreased level of alertness, such as severe drowsiness or confusion
Slide 5 : Tests & diagnosis *Lung function tests *Peak flow measurements *Chest x-ray *Allergy skin or blood tests *Arterial blood gas *Eosinophil count (a type of white blood cell) The doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to the lungs. Asthma-related sounds may be heard. However, lung sounds are usually normal between asthma episodes. Tests may include:
Slide 6 : You and your child's pediatrician or allergist should work together as a team to create and carry out an asthma action plan. This plan should outline how to Treatment *Avoid asthma triggers and Monitor symptoms *Take medicines and Long-term control medications *Quick relief or "rescue" medications *Inhaled steroids (such as Azmacort, Vanceril, AeroBid, Flovent) prevent swelling in your airways - these are almost the first choice of treatment
Slide 7 : Treatment *Leukotriene inhibitors (such as Singulair and Accolate) *Long-acting bronchodilators (such as Serevent) help open airways *Cromolyn sodium (Intal) or nedocromil sodium *Aminophylline or theophylline (not used as frequently as in the past) *Short-acting bronchodilators (inhalers), such as Proventil, Ventolin, Xopenex, and others. *Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone) given by mouth or into a vein
Slide 8 : Prognosis With proper treatment and a team approach to managing asthma, most children with asthma can live a normal life. Asthma, however, can be a life-threatening disease. It is important for families to work together with health care professionals to develop a plan to properly care for the child.
Slide 9 : Complications *Persistent cough and Missed work for parents *Lack of sleep due to nighttime symptoms *Decreased ability to exercise and take part in other activities *Missed school and Death *Emergency room visits and hospital stays *Trouble breathing that requires breathing assistance (ventilator) *Permanent changes in the function of the lungs
Slide 10 : When to contact a doctor Call your health care provider if you think that a child has symptoms of asthma. It is very important for asthma to be diagnosed and treated early in order to reduce the risk of complications. If your child is having trouble breathing or having an asthma attack, seek medical attention immediately.
Slide 11 : Prevention There is no fool-proof method to prevent asthma attacks. The best way to reduce the number of attacks is to eliminate triggers (especially cigarette smoke) and follow the asthma plan that you develop with your doctor. When families take control of their home environment, asthma symptoms and attacks can be significantly decreased.
Slide 12 : References National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. Rockville, MD. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2007. NIH publications 08-4051.

 


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