CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE


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Slide 1 : CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE How To Be Heart Smart! Chapter 8
Slide 2 : THE 10 OZ. PUMP DID YOU KNOW?.... THE HEART PUMPS ABOUT 1 MILLION BARRELS OF BLOOD DURING AN AVERAGE LIFETIME! THAT AMOUNT OF BLOOD IS ENOUGH TO FILL 3 SUPER TANKERS!
Slide 3 : IN ONE DAY… BLOOD TRAVELS A TOTAL OF 12,000 MILES THAT’S FOUR TIMES THE DISTANCE ACROSS THE U.S. FROM COAST TO COAST!
Slide 4 : WHAT IS Cardiovascular Disease? Includes: Coronary Heart Disease Heart Attack Rheumatic Heart Disease Atherosclerosis Strokes High Blood Pressure Congestive Heart Failure
Slide 5 : Coronary Heart Disease CHD is the Major form of Cardiovascular Disease Arteries are narrowed by fatty deposits such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Blood supply is thereby limited to heart muscle precipitating a heart attack.
Slide 6 : FACTS ABOUT CHD #1 KILLER OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN 50% OF AMERICANS WILL DIE OF CHD
Slide 7 : Leading Risk Factors for CHD Physical Inactivity (greatest impact) High Blood Pressure Excessive Body Fat Low HDL-Cholesterol Elevated LDL-Cholesterol Elevated Triglycerides Elevated homocysteine High sensitivity CRP…
Slide 8 : …more risk factors Diabetes Abnormal Electrocardiograms (ECG) Tobacco Use Stress Family History Age Gender
Slide 9 : CHD Prevention To understand how to prevent CHD, we must understand how it begins. Atherosclerosis = precursor to CHD; triglyceride and cholesterol deposits in lining of walls of arteries
Slide 10 : Control Your Cholesterol Levels To prevent atherosclerosis, first you must control damaging cholesterol levels. You should have blood lipid profile once every 5 years beginning at 20 yrs of age.
Slide 11 : Lipid Profile Blood Lipids are fatty substances present in blood and body tissues. This includes cholesterol and triglycerides. Blood Test includes: Total Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) LDL Cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) Triglycerides
Slide 12 : Cholesterol What is Cholesterol? -odorless, white, waxy powdery substance. It is tasteless/you cannot see it in the foods you eat. Your body needs some to function properly. Lipoproteins are the carriers for cholesterol-protein coated packages/classified by their Density.
Slide 13 : Know Your Numbers! Total Cholesterol should be kept below 200mg/dl TOTAL CHOLESTEROL: less than or = 200mg/dl Desirable 201-239 mg/dl = Borderline High 240 mg/dl = High Risk
Slide 14 : LDL Cholesterol LDL speeds up the process of atherosclerosis. Think of LDL as the “arsonist” LDL-Cholesterol: less than or = 130 mg/dl Desirable 131 – 159 mg/dl = Borderline High 160 or higher = High Risk
Slide 15 : HDL Cholesterol Think of HDL Cholesterol as the “scavenger” – the “sweeper” ; the “firefighter” HDL Cholesterol: Greater than or = 45mg/dl Desirable 36-44 mg/dl = Moderate Risk Less than 35 mg/dl = High Risk
Slide 16 : FACTS about HDL Cholesterol Research has shown that low levels of HDL cholesterol could be the BEST predictor of CHD. Estrogen raises HDL! HDL decreases with age Black children and adult black men have higher HDL values than whites
Slide 17 : How can I raise my HDL? Aerobic exercise increases HDL levels!---the more the exercise, the higher HDL Weight loss raises HDL Niacin raises HDL Quitting Smoking raises HDL
Slide 18 : How do I lower LDL Cholesterol? Diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol Increase fiber intake (25-38 grams/day) Get those MUFA’s and PUFA’s: remember these lower LDL cholesterol! Keep cholesterol under 200mg/day to lower LDL Keep red meat consumption low (less than 3xwk – No organ meats like kidneys and liver)
Slide 19 : …more on LDL reduction Avoid commercially baked foods Avoid trans-fatty foods Drink low fat milk Avoid coconut oil, palm oil, cocoa butter Bake, broil, grill, poach or steam food Avoid fatty sauces
Slide 20 : Triglycerides Main type of fat stored in body Also called free fatty acids Speed up plaque formation in arteries Found in poultry skin, lunchmeats, shellfish; Manufactured in liver from refined sugars (including honey), starches and alcohol.
Slide 21 : Triglyceride Levels Less than or = 150 mg/dl Desirable 150 – 199 mg/dl Borderline High 200 – 499 mg/dl High Greater than or = 500 mg/dl High Risk
Slide 22 : The Big Picture http://www.fda.gov/hearthealth/healthyheart/healthyheart.html http://www.fda.gov/hearthealth/conditions/atherosclerosis.html
Slide 23 : Other Risk Factors for CHD If cholesterol levels are normal, researchers will look for other causes…high levels of homocysteine may play a role in CHD. Body uses homocysteine to build proteins and carry out cell metabolism Homocysteine can damage the lining of arteries, stimulate plaque formation and encourages clotting.
Slide 24 : Homocysteine Eat recommended servings of fruits, veggies, meat and legumes. This provides sufficient folate and B6---that will remove and clear homocysteine from the blood.
Slide 25 : C-Reactive Protein IF cholesterol = normal and arterial plaque = normal; inflammation may play a role in triggering heart attacks. C-Reactive Protein increases in blood if inflammation occurring in body. CRP will appear years prior to heart attack or stroke.
Slide 26 : More on CRP CRP tests predict the probability of plaque rupturing in artery—releasing free floating plaque in blood thereby producing a stroke or heart attack. Statin drugs (cholesterol and inflamation lowering) may help. Omega 3 fatty acids (salmon, tuna, mackerel) inhibit inflammation. Alcohol intake and high protein diets increase CRP.
Slide 27 : Heart Attack Warning SignsAHA 1. Chest discomfort.  2. Discomfort in other areas of the upper body.   3. Shortness of breath. May occur with or without chest discomfort.   Other signs:  These may include breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness        Call 9-1-1... Get to a hospital right away. If you can't access the emergency medical services (EMS), have someone drive you to the hospital right away. If you're the one having symptoms, don't drive yourself, unless you have absolutely no other option.  American Heart Association
Slide 28 : Signs of Cardiac Arrest Cardiac arrest strikes immediately and without warning. Here are the signs: Sudden loss of responsiveness. No response to gentle shaking. No normal breathing. The victim does not take a normal breath when you check for several seconds. No signs of circulation. No movement or coughing. If cardiac arrest occurs, call 9-1-1 and begin CPR immediately. If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available and someone trained to use it is nearby, involve them. American Heart Association
Slide 29 : Stroke Warning Signs Warning signs of Stroke: 1. Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body    2. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding    3. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes    4. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination    5. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause If you or someone with you has one or more of these signs, don't delay! Immediately call 9-1-1 or the emergency medical services (EMS) The American Stroke Association
Slide 30 : What is a Stroke? A blood vessel leading to the brain is blocked or bursts; preventing oxygen and nutrients

 


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