Human Body Ppt Powerpoint Presentation slides Keshav Arora Medical Slideshow Lecture 2 Terminology and Body Plan for the Human Body

Human Body

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Show Notes

Slide 1 :

Science ProjectOnHuman Body Submitted To:- Mrs. Prerna Talwar

Slide 2 :

Contents DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Slide 3 :

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The breaking down or conversion of food into small and fine particles is called digestion. Digestive system controls this process

Slide 4 :

PARTS OESOPHAGUS STOMACH GALL BLADER PANCREAS LIVER SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE APPENDIX

Slide 5 :

STOMACH

Slide 6 :

The oesophagus is a hollow tube beginning at the very back of the pharynx (throat) and ending at the stomach. Its function is to transport swallowed food and liquid from the throat, through the chest into the stomach. It has little digestive function. In other words, it is not active in the breakdown or absorption of food. The stomach functions as a reservoir. It is a large, hollow organ and holds the food we eat. It secretes acid and some digestive enzymes which help begin the processes of digestion. It also acts as a churn to mix up food so that when the food is released through the valve at the end of the stomach (called the pylorus), it is in a liquid or semi-liquid form ready to be digested and absorbed by the small intestine

Slide 7 :

PANCREAS AND GALL BLADER

Slide 8 :

The gallbladder is a sac attached to the undersurface of the liver and is a storage reservoir for bile. Bile is made in the liver and passes down through a duct and up into the gallbladder. After one eats, the bile is released into the small intestine to mix with the food for better digestion and absorption of fat. The removal of the gallbladder by surgery, however, does not significantly interfere with the process of digestion or absorption. The pancreas is an organ located immediately adjacent to the first part of the small intestine or duodenum. Its main function is to secrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine in order to help digest carbohydrates, protein and fat. It also secretes bicarbonate and water which neutralize the acid mixed with the food delivered into the duodenum from the stomach.

Slide 9 :

LIVER

Slide 10 :

The liver is the main warehouse for nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Its job is to store, package and change these nutrients according to the needs of the body and then supply them to the blood stream for delivery to the various organs. The liver is a very large organ located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen protected by the rib cage. It also produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile is necessary for the digestion and absorption of fat in the diet.

Slide 11 :

SMALL INTESTINE

Slide 12 :

The small intestine is the major site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients so they can be used by the body. The small intestine is about 10 feet long, starts at the end of the stomach, and continues until it empties into the large intestine. It is divided into 3 parts. The first section is the duodenum and is followed by the jejunum and then the ileum. In the duodenum, the acid mixed with the food delivered from the stomach is neutralized by water and bicarbonate which is secreted by the pancreas. This is important because the digestive enzymes and processes of digestion in the small bowel occur in a neutral, not acidic, environment.

Slide 13 :

LARGE INTESTINE

Slide 14 :

The Large Intestine receives water and undigested food products from the small intestine. Its function is to absorb water and to solidify the stool into a formed bolus which can be easily passed. If one ingests insufficient amounts of fiber in his diet, constipation may develop. Fiber is anything not digested or absorbed by the small intestine and which passes into the colon. Bran is one example of fiber. The appendix is an organ with no known function. It projects from the rounded end of the large intestine and occasionally, can trap materials passing through the digestive tract. If the appendix is inflamed, it is often surgically removed to prevent it from rupturing and spreading infection to the rest of the abdominal cavity.

Slide 15 :

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Slide 16 :

PARTS Nasal Cavity Pharynx and Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm

Slide 17 :

Nasal Cavity

Slide 18 :

The Nose - Usually air will enter the respiratory system through the nostrils. The nostrils then lead to open spaces in the nose called the nasal passages. The nasal passages serve as a moistener, a filter, and to warm up the air before it reaches the lungs. The hairs existing within the nostrils prevents various foreign particles from entering. Different air passageways and the nasal passages are covered with a mucous membrane. Many of the cells which produce the cells that make up the membrane contain cilia. Others secrete a type a sticky fluid called mucus. The mucus and cilia collect dust, bacteria, and other particles in the air. The mucus also helps in moistening the air. Under the mucous membrane there are a large number of capillaries. The blood within these capillaries helps to warm the air as it passes through the nose. The nose serves three purposes. It warms, filters, and moistens the air before it reaches the lungs. You will obviously lose these special advantages if you breath through your mouth.

Slide 19 :

LARYNX AND PHARYNX

Slide 20 :

Pharynx and Larynx - Air travels from the nasal passages to the pharynx, or more commonly known as the throat. When the air leaves the pharynx it passes into the larynx, or the voice box. The voice box is constructed mainly of crtilage, which is a flexible connective tissue. The vocal chords are two pairs of membranes that are stretched across the inside of the larynx. As the air is exspired, the vocal chords vibrate. Humans can control the vibrations of the vocal chords, which enables us to make sounds. Food and liquids are blocked from entering the opening of the larynx by the epiglottis to prevent people from choking during swallowing.

Slide 21 :

TRACHEA AND BRONCHUS

Slide 22 :

Trachea - The larynx goes directly into the trachea or the windpipe. The trachea is a tube approximately 12 centimeters in length and 2.5 centimeters wide. The trachea is kept open by rings of cartilage within its walls. Similar to the nasal passages, the trachea is covered with a ciliated mucous membrane. Usually the cilia move mucus and trapped foreign matter to the pharynx. After that, they leave the air passages and are normally swallowed. The respiratory system cannot deal with tobacco smoke very keenly. Smoking stops the cilia from moving. Just one cigarette slows their motion for about 20 minutes. The tobacco smoke increases the amount of mucus in the air passages. When smokers cough, their body is attempting to dispose of the extra mucus.

Slide 23 :

Bronchi - Around the center of the chest, the trachea divides into two cartilage-ringed tubes called bronchi. Also, this section of the respiratory system is lined with ciliated cells. The bronchi enter the lungs and spread into a treelike fashion into smaller tubes calls bronchial tubes. Bronchioles - The bronchial tubes divide and then subdivide. By doing this their walls become thinner and have less and less cartilage. Eventually, they become a tiny group of tubes called bronchioles.

Slide 24 :

LUNGS AND DIAPHRAGM

Slide 25 :

DIAPHRAGM: lungs cannot move by themselves. it is the movement of diaphragm that causes the expansion and contraction of the lungs.Thus,breathing takes place. The Lungs are paired organs in the chest that perform respiration. Each human has two lungs. Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches long. The two lungs are separated by a structure called the mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels. The lungs are covered by a protective membrane called the pulmonary pleura.

Slide 26 :

NERVOUS SYSTEM Nervous system is the control and communication system of the body. Its job is to send and receive messages. Your nervous system controls all your thoughts and movements.

Slide 27 :

PARTS BRAIN SPINAL CORD NERVES SENSE ORGANS

Slide 28 :

BRAIN

Slide 29 :

The brain is the command center of your entire body. The brain is the body's main information center. It is made of billions of neurons. The brain helps the body respond to the information it receives from the senses. The brain also processes thoughts. When you think, neurons in your brain are working.The brain has three main parts. The largest is the cerebrum, which controls vision, touch, and other senses. It also handles movements you have control over. Thinking takes place in the cerebrum. The cerebellum is another section of the brain. The cerebellum helps control balance and coordination. Another part of the brain is called the brain stem. The brain stem is the link to the spinal cord and it also controls digestion, breathing, and heartbeat

Slide 30 :

SPINAL CORD

Slide 31 :

The spinal cord is a tube of neurons that runs up the spine and attaches to the brain stem. Information from nerves that branch out to the rest of the body goes to the spinal cord. Some messages are processed by the spinal cord but most information is sent on to the brain. There are five senses: eye[sight],nose[smell],tongue[taste],skin[touch], and ear [hearing]. Each of the senses consists of specialized cells that have receptors for specific stimuli. These cells have links to the nervous system and thus to the brain. Sensing is done at primitive levels in the cells and integrated into sensations in the nervous system. Sight is probably the most developed sense in humans, followed closely by hearing.

Slide 32 :

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of peripheral axons (the long, slender projections of neurons) . A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons. Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system . In the central nervous system , the analogous structures are known as tracts. Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells, though this term is technically inaccurate since many neurons do not form nerves.

Slide 33 :

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Slide 34 :

The structure of the urinary tract includes: the kidneys, two ureters, (tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder,) and the urethra, a tube leading from the bladder to the exterior of the body. The urinary tract is a little like a plumbing system, with special pipes that allow water and salts to flow through them. The kidneys make up a filter system for the blood, reabsorbing almost 99%% of the fluid into the blood, and sending only two to four pints of waste (urine) into the bladder for storage until it can be disposed of.

Slide 35 :

KIDNEY The kidneys allow the blood to keep glucose, salts and minerals after cleansing it of poisonous materials which will be passed out in the urinary tract. Urine is produced in the kidneys and trickles down twenty-four hours a day through two ten to twelve inch long tubes called ureters

Slide 36 :

Ureters connect the kidneys to the bladder. The ureters are about one-fourth inch in diameter and their muscular walls contract to make waves of movement to force the urine into the bladder. The bladder is expandable and stores the urine until it can be conveniently disposed of. It also closes openings into the ureters so that urine cannot flow back into the kidneys. The tube through which the urine flows out of the body is called the urethra

Slide 37 :

Made By:- Keshav Arora Thank You

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