Living Psychology

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Living Psychology by Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem PowerPoint ? Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 15: Living Psychology in a Global Economy Judith Phillips, Palomar College

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Lecture Overview Communication Leadership Persuasion Conflict Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Communication: Module 15.1 Communication: interdependent process of sending, receiving and understanding messages;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology The Communication process 7 important elements exist in all forms of communication: The sender (who initiates the message) and the receiver (for whom the message is targeted); The message, Encoding- what the sender does; Decoding- what the receiver does; Channels- the means by which the message is communicated;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Channels of information flow in 3 different directions: Noise- stimuli that interfere, Context- the environmental conditions surrounding the communication.

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Non Verbal Communication: the process of sending and receiving messages through means other than words; Includes: Kinesics (gestures and body language); Proxemics (physical and personal space); Paralanguage (how words are spoken);

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Male/Female differences in communication

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Leadership: Module 15.2 Leadership: using interpersonal influence to inspire or persuade others to support the goals and perform the tasks desired by the leader. 3 major leadership styles: trait, situational, functional;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Trait perspective- leadership results from specific inherited personality traits; These trait include- Drive, honesty and integrity; Expertise and leadership motivation; Flexibility (single most important trait);

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Charismatic leaders possess a compelling vision that transforms followers’ beliefs, values & goals;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Situational perspective: the environment (both time in history and needs of followers) produces the leader; 3 major styles found: Autocratic leader- makes all major decisions, assigns task to followers and demands full obedience;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Democratic leader- encourages group discussion and group decision making; Laissez-faire leader- minimally involved with decision making & encourages workers to make their own decisions and manage themselves;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Functional perspective- emphasizes the behaviors that leaders exhibit which contribute to the group’s functioning; 2 types: Task-oriented leader- helps a group complete a task or reach a goal; Relationship-oriented leader- helps maintain group morale, satisfaction and motivation;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Leadership and Bases of Power

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Persuasion: Module 15.3 Persuasion: communication intended to change attitudes; 4 major elements of persuasion- Who- the source in communication; What- the communication message; To Whom- the audience; How- the channels and methods;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Several important elements of how: repeated exposure classical conditioning foot in the door technique the door in the face- beginning with a very large request followed by a smaller request; low balling- getting someone to commit to an attractive proposal before revealing hidden costs;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology bait & switch: offering an attractive proposal, then making it unavailable or unappealing and offering a more expensive alternative;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Routes to persuasion

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Conflict: Module 15.4 Conflict: having to choose between 2 or more competing goals; Can be: dysfunctional (destructive) or functional (constructive); intrapersonal or interpersonal; 2 major types of interpersonal conflict are substantive (deals with goals or means) or emotional (between individuals);

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict: Module 15.5 Improving communication skills by overcoming 6 barriers that block communication: Physical distractions such as music and sounds; Perceptual set- readiness to perceive, based on expectations;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Semantics- poor choice of words, use of emotionally charged words, and inappropriate use of technical jargon; Mixed messages; Status differences between communicating individuals; Communication overload;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Communication skills and strategies for better communication: Know your audience; Use active and empathic listening; Ask for feedback;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Conflict Resolution Skills 5 main approaches: Avoidance- pretending a conflict doesn’t exist; Accommodation- focusing on areas of agreement; Compromising, Authoritative command- an outside authority imposes a solution;

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©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology Collaboration- all parties problem solve and put their own interests behind them;

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