Mumps

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Khushbu on Jul 13, 2012 Says :

nice and a well presented ppt keep doing

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Slide 1 :

Mumps Dr. D.R.Gausai Dr. SN Medical college Jodhpur Rajasthan, India

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INTRODUCTION Self-limited infection Now unusual in developed countries because of widespread use of vaccination Characterized by fever, bilateral or unilateral parotid swelling and tenderness, and the frequent occurrence of meningoencephalitis and orchitis. Although no longer common in countries with extensive vaccination programs, mumps remains endemic in the rest of the world, warranting continued vaccine protection.

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Etiology Mumps virus is in the family Paramyxoviridae Genus Rubulavirus Single-stranded pleomorphic RNA virus encapsulated in a lipoprotein envelope 7 structural proteins Two surface glycoproteins- stimulate antibodies production HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase)-absorption F (fusion) penetration in to cells Exists as a single immunotype, and humans are the only natural host.

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Epidemiology In the prevaccine era, mumps occurred primarily in young children between the ages of 5 and 9 yr and in epidemics about every 4 yr After introduction of vaccine it occur in older population Mumps is spread from person to person by respiratory droplets Maximum infectiousness is 1-2 days before to 5 days after onset of parotid swelling Isolation of patient for 5 days after parotid swelling is recommended

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Pathology and Pathogenesis Mumps virus targets the salivary glands, central nervous system (CNS), pancreas, testes, and, to a lesser extent, thyroid, ovaries, heart, kidneys, liver, and joint synovia. infecion Replication of virus in respiratory tract lymphatics Lymphnode viramia necrosis of cells spread to target tissue Lymphocytes infiltrate Testes- focal ischemic infarcts CSF- mononuclear pleocytosis

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Clinical Manifestations The incubation period 12 to 25 days but is usually 16-18 days prodrome lasting 1-2 days and consisting of fever, headache, vomiting, and achiness. Parotitis then appears and may be unilateral initially but becomes bilateral in about 70% of cases The parotid gland is tender Ingestion of sour or acidic foods or liquids may enhance pain in the parotid area The parotid swelling peaks in approximately 3 days, then gradually subsides over 7 days. Fever and the other systemic symptoms resolve in 3-5 days

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Diagnosis History of exposure to mumps infection, an appropriate incubation period, and development of typical clinical findings Elevated serum amylase value Virus can be isolated from upper respiratory tract secretions, CSF, or urine during the acute illness Leukopenia with a relative lymphocytosis Increase in serum mumps immunoglobulin G (IgG)

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Differential Diagnosis Other viruses cause parotitis include parainfluenza 1 and 3 virus, influenza A virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, enteroviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and HIV Purulent parotitis, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is unilateral, is extremely tender, is associated with an elevated white blood cell count and purulent discharge from Stensen duct Obstruction of Stensen duct Collagen vascular diseases such as Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and tumor.

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complications Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis Orchitis and Oophoritis Pancreatitis Arthritis Cardiac Involvement Thyroiditis Uncommon complications include conjunctivitis, optic neuritis, pneumonia, nephritis and thrombocytopenia.

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Treatment- No specific antiviral therapy is available for mumps. Management should be aimed at reducing the pain associated with meningitis or orchitis and maintaining adequate hydration. Antipyretics may be given for fever. Prognosis- The outcome of mumps is nearly always excellent, even when the disease is complicated by encephalitis, although fatal cases due to CNS involvement or myocarditis have been reported Prevention- Vaccination with 2 doses of MMR vaccine first at 15- 18 months of age and second at 5- 6 yr of age

Mumps

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Mumps is a viral disease
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