Neonatal hypoglycemia


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Slide 1 : Neonatal hypoglycemia
Slide 2 : Overview Neonatal hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (glucose) in the first few days after birth.
Slide 3 : Symptoms *Bluish-colored skin (cyanosis) *Breathing problems & Seizures *Decreased muscle tone (hypotonia) *Grunting & Irritability & Listlessness *Nausea, vomiting & Pale skin *Pauses in breathing (apnea) *Poor feeding & Rapid breathing *Problems with maintaining body heat *Shakiness & Tremors & Sweating
Slide 4 : Treatment *Feeding with breast milk or formula within the first few hours after birth, either by mouth or through a tube inserted through the nose into the stomach (nasogastric gavage) *Feeding with a sugar solution through a vein (intravenously) or by mouth (orally) Infants with hypoglycemia may need to receive:
Slide 5 : Causes *There is too much of the hormone, insulin (hyperinsulinism). Insulin pulls glucose from the blood into the cells to be used for energy. *There is not enough glycogen, the form in which glucose is stored in the body. *The baby is not producing enough glucose. *The baby’s body is using more glucose than is being produced. *Less than 30 mg/dL in the first 24 hours of life *Less than 45 mg/dL after the first 24 hours of life *Blood infection (sepsis) *Endocrine disorders, such as low thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) *Inborn errors of metabolism & Intrauterine growth restriction *Lack of oxygen shortly after birth & Large for gestational age *Mother with diabetes *Mother who may have chorioamnionitis or an infection around the time of the baby's birth *Premature birth & Small for gestational age
Slide 6 : Tests & diagnosis *Newborn screening for metabolic disorders *Urine tests Newborns at risk for hypoglycemia should have a blood test to measure blood sugar levels every few hours after birth. The health care provider should continue taking blood tests until the baby’s blood sugar level is normal. Other possible tests:
Slide 7 : Prognosis The outlook is good for newborns who don’t have symptoms, or whose hypoglycemia gets better with treatment. However, hypoglycemia can return in a small percentage of babies after treatment. The condition is more likely to return when babies are taken off intravenous feedings before they are fully ready to eat by mouth. Babies with symp toms, especially those born at a low weight or to mothers with diabetes, are more likely to develop problems with learning.
Slide 8 : Prevention If you have diabetes during pregnancy, work with your health care provider to control your blood sugar levels.
Slide 9 : Complications *Developmental delay *Heart failure *Mental retardation *Seizures
Slide 10 : When to contact a doctor Call your health care provider if your baby has symptoms of neonatal hypoglycemia.

 


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