Neonatal hypothyroidism


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Slide 1 : Neonatal hypothyroidism
Slide 2 : Overview Neonatal hypothyroidism is decreased thyroid hormone production in a newborn. In very rare cases, no thyroid hormone is produced. If the baby was born with the condition, it is called congenital hypothyroidism. If it develops soon after birth, it is referred to as hypothyroidism acquired in the newborn period.
Slide 3 : Symptoms *Puffy-appearing face & Dull look *Thick, protruding tongue *Dry, brittle hair & Low hairline *Jaundice & Poor feeding **Choking episodes *Lack of muscle tone (floppy infant) *Constipation & Sleepiness *Sluggishness & Short stature
Slide 4 : Treatment Early diagnosis is very important. Most of the effects of hypothyroidism are easily reversible. Replacement therapy with thyroxine is the standard treatment of hypothyroidism. Once medication starts, thyroid blood tests are regularly done to make sure levels are within a normal range.
Slide 5 : Causes *A missing or abnormally developed thyroid gland *Pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid *Defective or abnormal formation of thyroid hormones Hypothyroidism in the newborn may be caused by:
Slide 6 : Tests & diagnosis *Abnormally large fontanelles (soft spots of the skull) *Broad hands with short fingers *Decreased muscle tone & Growth failure *Hoarse-sounding cry or voice *Short arms and legs *Widely separated skull bones *Thyroid scan & X-ray of the long bones A physical exam may reveal:
Slide 7 : Prognosis Very early diagnosis generally results in a good outcome. Newborns diagnosed and treated in the first month or so generally develop normal intelligence. Untreated, mild hypothyroidism can lead to severe mental retardation and growth retardation. Critical development of the nervous system takes place in the first few months after birth. Thyroid hormone deficiency may cause irreversible damage.
Slide 8 : Prevention If a pregnant women takes radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer, the thyroid gland may be destroyed in the developing fetus. Infants whose mothers have taken such medicines should be observed carefully after birth for signs of hypothyroidism. Most states require a routine screening test to check all newborns for hypothyroidism. See also: Newborn screening tests
Slide 9 : Complications *Mental retardation *Growth retardation *Heart problems
Slide 10 : When to contact a doctor Call your health care provider if:

 


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