Physiology curricula in the CZECH REPUBLIC

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Slide 1 : Physiology curricula in the CZECH REPUBLIC Richard Rokyta Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, 3 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the Czech Republic rd
Slide 2 : THE CZECH REPUBLIC 7 MEDICAL FACULTIES CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE: First Faculty of Medicine in Prague – Department of Physiology Second Faculty of Medicine in Prague – Department of Physiology Third Faculty of Medicine in Prague – Department of Normal, Phatological and Clinical Physiology Faculty of Medicine in Plzen – Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové – Department of Physiology Masaryk University in Brno – Department of Physiology Palacký University in Olomouc – Department of Physiology
Slide 3 : With the exception of Third Faculty of Medicine the teaching of Physiology is performed during the 2 year of medical curriculum nd
Slide 4 : Duration of teaching Physiology 2 semesters mostly in the second year of medical study with the exception of 3 Faculty of Medicine The number of Hours Lectures and seminares 90 – 120 Practical exercises 120 - 150 rd
Slide 5 : The experience with teaching of physiological disciplines in the curriculum of 3 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague rd
Slide 6 : The physiological disciplines are taught from the 1st year of medical study up to the end of the 4th year, it means 8 semesters altogether. The curriculum of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague used new curriculum since 1997. The duration of medical study is 6 years, i.e. 12 semesters. This is composed from three cycles: I. Basic biomedical sciences - first two years represent first cycle, which is based on the integrative principle. II. Principles of clinical medicine - the second cycle is concerned on the problem based learning. III. Clinical preparation - third cycle represents clinical applications.
Slide 7 : In the first two years the integrative study is composed from different modules: Module I A - Structure and functions of human body is the greatest module in the first two years, which is composed from anatomy, histology and embryology, biochemistry and physiology. The module I B - Cell biology and genetics is composed from genetics and cell biology and is finished by the examination after two first semesters at the end of the 1st year.
Slide 8 : The module I C - Biophysics and informatics consists mainly from the disciplines based on the biophysical knowledge. It is formed from biophysics itself, than from radiology, nuclear medicine and sources of scientific information. Module I D is called - Needs of the patients and is taught also during the first four semesters. It is divided in two parts: The first one is theoretical (basic humanities – philosophy, sociology) ,mainly the medical ethics is taught; the other part is practical disciplines in the hospital (first aid and patients needs, basic of nursing). The students are going to the hospital from the first days of their study and they are working as nurses and helping to personnel in the hospital. There are doing the ordinary work in the hospital, what is very useful for their future professional carrier.
Slide 9 : Module I.A “Structure and function of the human body” is taught during the first two years, it means four semesters and is ended by a common examination, which is at the end of the fourth semester. The system is based on the successive teaching starting always with the embryology, then the anatomy, histology, biochemistry and finally physiology.
Slide 10 : Physiology is the covering discipline of the whole system. This module requires the knowledge of biophysics, which is taught in module I C and the chemistry, which is taught mainly in the module I B. The module is taught following the organ’s- systems: 1.      Locomotion System 2.      Respiration, Blood and Body Fluids 3.      Urogenital System. Acid – Base Balance 4.      Digestion and Resorption 5.      Circulation and Heart 6. Immune System 7.      Endocrine System 8.      Nervous System 9.      Sensory Organs
Slide 11 : As a govern discipline, physiology is taught together with all other disciplines, but always at the end. The students are trained mainly in the practical applications of all disciplines. In the physiology except of lectures, we have also the seminars and the practical exercises. The practical exercises are taught on animals and on men. It is inevitable, that all students will practice themselves and that everybody has to do it; they are no exceptions. All practical exercises are executed by students. We have also the computer demonstrations using all possibilities of computing teaching of physiology. At the end of this 4th semester is the credit, which is mainly based on the practical exercise knowledge. At the end of the whole four semesters, there are three parts of the final examinations. The first one is the final credit, followed by practical exercise from the practical knowledge of physiology. Finally this is a multiple choice test independent of all other disciplines. The common examination from all four disciplines is executed in one day. It concerns oral examinations there is the exam from anatomy, histology and embryology biochemistry, physiology.
Slide 12 : Cycle I. Coordinator – prof. MUDr. Josef Stingl, CSc. Module I. A Structure and Function of Human Body – Coordinator - prof. MUDr. Richard Rokyta, DrSc.
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Slide 17 : Very important part of our teaching are the common conferences from each chapter of Structures and function of the human body; for example after the chapter of hormones, there is the conference in which the headlines of all endocrine chapter are repeated together; the clinicians are also present. We are starting with the clinical demonstration of patient and than we are repeating the knowledge of all basic disciplines. This is very important, how to stress the main headlines of all four disciplines and also to know about what the other disciplines are teaching. This is very useful not only for students, but also for the lecturers and for all teaching staff. In four semesters we are organizing 8 conferences.
Slide 18 : I.Cycle, Module I. A 2nd Year,20. 5. 2004 – Thursday, 9,30 – 13, 30 o’clock Syllabova Lecture Hall (c. 3)Conference – Nervous System II, Sensory Systems
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Slide 20 : In this first two years we are teaching also a clinical physiology, which is concerned mainly on clinical investigations. It is very much dependent on the equipment which is dispensable. Therefore we are teaching mainly neurophysiology and neurological examination and also the examination of respiration and cardiac function.
Slide 21 : The final exam from all four disciplines is very difficult, because it is necessary to have the knowledge from all subjects. It is necessary to remark, that we are not asking for not so important questions, but only for the headlines and for important principles, which are absolutely necessary for the next step of the medical education. After all, the students are very well trained in all four disciplines and they can proceed the study without any problem.
Slide 22 : The other physiological disciplines are taught in the 2 nd cycle - Principles of clinical medicine in third and four year; i.e. from six’s to eight’s semester. This is mainly concentrated on the teaching of pathophysiology; it starts with the general pathophysiology (the duration is one semester), general pathology, general pharmacology, which are again taught together. In this respect we are very closed to the pathological anatomy. We have the common seminars, similar to the cooperation between anatomy and physiology. The teaching of special pathophysiology is based on the explanation of different symptoms and syndromes like a headache, chest pain, kidney diseases etc. This is very similar to the active teaching. Also during this period, the clinical physiology is taught with the special attention paid to pathological disciplines.
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Slide 29 : The physiological problems are again repeated in the fifth and six years in the 3rd cycle, in the clinical disciplines, especially in the internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, pediatrics ophthalmology etc. Clinicians ask the students for the basic knowledge and than physiology come again to discuss and also explain some news from last two or four years after studying the physiology itself.
Slide 30 : Conclusions Integration of teaching of physiological courses has a benefit The integration of pathological physiology and anatomy when keeping the independence of these fields is to be assessed well In the 5th and 6th year of study the inputs of theoretical and preclinical courses complementing the clinical physiology are a contribution
Slide 31 : It is possible to declare, that physiological disciplines have very important position in the new curriculum in Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. They are taught for long time (4 years) and there are in fact passing through whole medical study up to its end. The responsibility for the teaching has a Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology. It is composed from fifteen teachers including one professor, three associate professors and other senior lecturers and assistants. Also postgraduate students are participating in teaching.  

 


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