REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION AN ANALYSIS OF EHEALTH INNOVATION AND IMPACT USING A HYPERCUBE MODEL

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Slide 1 : REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION? AN ANALYSIS OF E-HEALTH INNOVATION AND IMPACT USING A HYPERCUBE MODEL International Journal of Electronic Healthcare, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2006, pp. 12-34. Jen-Her Wu, An-Sheng Huang, Tzyh-Lih Hsia and Hsien-Tang Tsaiand 1
Slide 2 : ABSTRACT This study proposes a hypercube E-health innovation model to analyze the innovations from Tele-healthcare, E-healthcare, to M-healthcare in both healthcare informatics and medical related delivery model. The critical impacts of the E-health innovations on the E-healthcare stakeholders: healthcare customers, hospitals, healthcare complementary providers, and healthcare regulators are identified. Some implications for adoption of each E-health innovation are explored. 2
Slide 3 : INTRODUCTION The rapid progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has stimulated E-health innovations form Tele-healthcare, E-healthcare, to M-healthcare. E-health innovations create new opportunities and challenges for incumbent hospitals. It is necessary for the hospitals to recognize and evaluate the impact of the innovations and speculate on what extent they meet the capability gaps created by these challenges. 3
Slide 4 : RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Elucidate the major changes from Tele-healthcare, E-healthcare, to M-healthcare using an E-health hypercube innovation model. Explore the impacts of the E-health innovations on healthcare stakeholders: healthcare customers, hospitals, healthcare complementary providers and healthcare regulators. Offer some prescriptions to guide the healthcare industry to successfully adapt from one type of E-health innovations to others. 4
Slide 5 : E-HEALTH INNOVATIONS E-health as the delivery of healthcare services involving the electronic transfer of health-related information using electronic-based technologies. E-health innovations refer to the innovative E-health applications and the evolution of E-health including : Tele-healthcare E-healthcare M-healthcare The classification based on the progress of new ICTs and the significant characteristics of different literacy and capability requirements for responding the rapid changes in overall healthcare system or healthcare informatics. 5
Slide 6 : TELE-, E-, AND M-HEALTHCARE Tele-healthcare An application of a healthcare delivery system that provides rapid access to share and remote medical expertise and delivery of health services via remote of telecommunication, no matter where the patient or relevant information is located. E-healthcare A web-enabled application provided medical practice, or monitoring vital sign via devices to strength care delivery, improve communications between physician and patient, support clinical decision and disease management using Internet solutions. M-healthcare It is defined by a range of mobile technologies applied to healthcare: wireless network infrastructure, mobile computing and handheld devices and mobile applications . 6
Slide 7 : E-HEALTH HYPERCUBE INNOVATION MODEL The model includes three dimensions: healthcare informatics, medical related delivery model, and stakeholders. The subject of change can be described in terms of the healthcare informatics and medical related delivery model. The possible changes that an E-health innovation created can be classified into four types: Radical Architectural Modular Incremental 7
Slide 8 : E-HEALTH HYPERCUBE INNOVATION MODEL (CONT.) The model can be used to examine: The major differences and/or changes among E-health innovations based on the intensity in which change overturns the existing healthcare informatics and medical related delivery model. The impacts of the E-health innovations on the stakeholders. 8
Slide 9 : THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE MODEL Healthcare informatics The distinct portions of product that embody the core design concept and perform a well-defined function. It consists of two core literacy: Application literacy Technological infrastructure literacy Medical related delivery model It is the process in which a hospital organizes its input, converts these data into healthcare services, and gets the customer or other stakeholders to pay for them. The medical related delivery model for healthcare includes six causally related processes: 1) prevention; 2) diagnosis; 3) treatment; 4) monitoring; 5) rehabilitation; and 6) supporting processes. 9
Slide 10 : THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE MODEL (CONT.) Stakeholders Healthcare customers are patients. Hospitals are healthcare organizations where healthcare professionals and the related non-medical personnel provide healthcare services. Healthcare complementary providers are those that produce complementary goods or services for E-health system products. Healthcare regulators are public health Agencies, insurance companies, or interested parties that affect the healthcare service structure, function, and purpose. 10
Slide 11 : COMPARISON OF TELE-, E-, AND M-HEALTHCARE Analysis by healthcare informatics Differences in application literacy Differences in technological infrastructure literacy Analysis by medical related delivery model 11
Slide 12 : ANALYSIS BY HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS Differences in application literacy 12
Slide 13 : ANALYSIS BY HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS (CONT.) Differences in technological infrastructure literacy 13
Slide 14 : ANALYSIS BY MEDICAL RELATED DELIVERY MODEL 14
Slide 15 : ANALYSIS BY MEDICAL RELATED DELIVERY MODEL (CONT.) 15
Slide 16 : INNOVATION FROM TELE- TO E-HEALTHCARE E-healthcare has led to a change in technological infrastructure and application literacy of Tele-healthcare. The medical related delivery model of E-healthcare is different from those already in Tele-healthcare. The innovation from Tele-healthcare to E-healthcare is architecture for customers, radical for hospital and complementary providers, but architecture for regulators. 16
Slide 17 : INNOVATION FROM TELE- TO E-HEALTHCARE (CONT.) The zone map represents the range of possible impacts of E-healthcare on stakeholders. 17
Slide 18 : INNOVATION FROM E- TO M-HEALTHCARE Mobile technology has changed the technological infrastructure literacy of E-healthcare. Current M-healthcare applications share some of the same characteristic as those already in E-healthcare services. The significant differences between E-healthcare and M-healthcare are present in the medical related delivery model. The innovation from E-healthcare to M-healthcare architecture for customers and hospitals, radical for complementary providers, but modular for regulators. 18
Slide 19 : INNOVATION FROM E- TO M-HEALTHCARE (CONT.) The zone map represents the range of possible impacts of M-healthcare on stakeholders. 19
Slide 20 : THE IMPACT OF THE E-HEALTH INNOVATIONS ON STAKEHOLDERS Based on the aforementioned results, we analyze the impact of the E-health innovations on the capabilities of the stakeholders, including: Hospitals Hospitals’ collaborative partners Customers Complementary providers Regulators 20
Slide 21 : IMPACT ON CUSTOMERS E-healthcare is a architectural innovation for customers. It is capability-enhancing because it empowers customers through ICTs such as frequent monitoring and different types of medication reminders but is capability-destroying because of the broad variation in quality and accountability in online services and medical processes. E-healthcare facilitates the transformation of Tele-healthcare in accessing integrated information, interactive experience with physician. Customers should adapt to new E-healthcare services and online medical processes. 21
Slide 22 : IMPACT ON CUSTOMERS (CONT.) M-healthcare is an architectural innovation for the customers. The informatics of E-healthcare are reinforced in M-healthcare environment, yet the E-healthcare services and medical delivery model will change. The acceptance of M-healthcare services by users that have Internet proficiency is high because existing experiences were helpful in underpinning mobile services adoption. The experience of use of E-healthcare is a critical factor that drives customers’ willingness to adopt M-healthcare services. 22
Slide 23 : IMPACT ON COMPLEMENTARY PROVIDERS E- and M-healthcare are radical innovations for healthcare complementary providers. The innovations will change the existing healthcare informatics and medical related delivery model. From Tele- into E-healthcare The incumbent providers must learn new informatics such as Internet infrastructure and web-based applications development and rebuild new capabilities in managing a huge threat from alternative cyber solutions. They also deal with new demand and expectation from hospitals and patients mediated by hospitals that face a challenge from Internet users. New entrants are likely to have more opportunity in developing competitive services and applications that satisfy an empowered general population. 23
Slide 24 : IMPACT ON COMPLEMENTARY PROVIDERS From E- into M-healthcare The roots of this change lie in the novel wireless technology, the broader customer base, the extensive collaborations, and new mobile services designed to access information and practices in healthcare related processes. The existing healthcare informatics and business models of complementary providers will be rendered obsolete in the change. The healthcare complementary providers should build new partner relationships to develop healthcare solutions that provide information and business architectures to service their customers. 24
Slide 25 : IMPACT ON REGULATORS The innovation from Tele- to E-healthcare is architectural for regulators. The change presents unparalleled challenges for monitoring medical practices, and information quality by entities that may be across borders resulting from the universality and timeless nature of the Internet. E-healthcare could damage the trust, credibility and effectiveness of medical practice under the supervision of regional or national healthcare systems. The regulators must build new capabilities to establish a public and secure framework for accountability. The framework must offer legal assurance to professionals that meet acceptable standards, protect the privacy interests of patients. 25
Slide 26 : IMPACT ON REGULATORS (CONT.) The innovation from E- to M-healthcare is architectural for regulators. The change will improve efficiency and access profile in the care pathway and the communication between physicians and patients and even changes the way the end user accesses healthcare information, services and practices. M-healthcare still pushes the healthcare regulators to reinforce their capabilities for the same topic involved in E-healthcare. The regulators should build next generation healthcare delivery systems to incorporate high levels of data security, privacy, integrity, and acceptable standards to maximize customer confidence. 26
Slide 27 : IMPACT ON HOSPITALS The innovation from Tele- to E-healthcare is radical for hospitals. The new solutions should be developed for the online medical delivery process because they will likely differ among this new clinical application within a use by different condition. E-healthcare extends more involvement with the patients, such as convenience to solve long waiting time for appointments taking control of their own health, and more choice in alternative care. The well physician-patient relationships are the most important driving force making a success for E-healthcare hospitals. 27
Slide 28 : IMPACT ON HOSPITALS (CONT.) The innovation from E- to M-healthcare is architectural for hospitals. The incumbent hospitals will face more challenges in attracting more potential customers. The key point is how to rebuild a trust and well relationship with customers by recommend proper guidance, emphasize benefits, and afford continuous educations to facilitate adoption. The hospitals should prepare themselves to take technological advantage of upcoming E- and M-healthcare trend to have the ability to interact with an electronic health records (EHR) in the movement around the workplace that serves the customers. 28
Slide 29 : CONCLUSION The study discusses E-health innovations using the proposed hypercube innovation model to analyze the E-health innovations, from Tele-, E-, to M-healthcare based on the two dimensions: medical delivery model and healthcare informatics Contribution of this research is three-fold: It analyzes the recent evolution of E-health innovations and examines the critical differences between them. The comparisons results enhance our understanding of the nature and dimensionality of E-health innovations. It further explored the critical impacts on the stakeholders for implementing and managing E-health innovations. The results provides several suggestions to healthcare stakeholders to adapt and cope with the changes from one type of E-health innovation to another. 29
Slide 30 : CONCLUSION (CONT.) The healthcare stakeholders should pay attention to the evolution of E-health innovations and improving their dynamic capabilities to exploit the enabling or emerging E-health innovations. The further researches should continue to seek better means of assisting the stakeholders in developing new healthcare informatics and medical delivery models to cope with the E-health innovations. 30

 


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