forensic GENETIC

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Slide 1 : Forensic & Genetic
Slide 2 : Content Introduction DNA, RNA & protein Forensic data bases Basic molecular techniques What the Forensic science can do? Molecular markers Conclusion
Slide 3 : What is Forensics? application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system
Slide 4 : Genetic & Forensic DNA typing, since it was introduced in the mid-1980s has revolutionized forensic science.
Slide 5 : DNA ,RNA & Protein Which of the following material could provide information for forensic uses?
Slide 6 : Databases and basic bioinformatics NDNAD (National DNA Database): established in 1995 was the first forensic science database. CODIS(FBI):(Combined DNA Index System)
Slide 7 : Basic molecular techniques in molecular forensics The polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The STR-PCR. Real-time Quantitative PCR. Sequencing. Sothern blot Chromatography
Slide 8 : Forensic & capabilities DNA finger printing Paternity test
Slide 9 : DNA fingerprinting Principles Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Multiplex PCR Techniques Southern blot PCR Capillary Electrophoresis
Slide 10 : Southern blot Restriction enzyme digestion Agarose gel electrophoresis Transfer DNA onto membrane Hybridized with probe RFLP Restriction Enzyme site PCR amplify using flanking fluorescent primers 2. Capillary electrophoresis RFLP-based DNA fingerprinting PCR-based DNA fingerprinting PCR product of different sizes Fluorescent peaks of different mobility Radioactive bands of different mobility
Slide 11 : Capillary electrophoresis Analysis point Addition of sample Movement of DNA Glass capillary Liquid polymer inside capillary Separation based on molecular weight Fluorescence detector Small DNA migrates faster
Slide 12 : Use of forensic in parentage Matching of DNA fingerprints with parents Parentage information is from the bands’ size/position Biological daughter Biological son Daughter from Previous marriage Adopted son
Slide 13 : Use of RFLP in criminal investigation Matching of DNA obtained from Crime scene Suspects Note: Multiple minisatellites will be used in actual criminal investigation to increase accuracy Crime scene DNA is often degraded and it may affects the accuracy of RFLP-based DNA fingerprinting Restriction fragment too large Sensitive to DNA degradation Solved by PCR-based DNA fingerprinting
Slide 14 : Molecular markers Minisatellite Microsatellite SNPs X Chromosome Mitochondrial DNA Y-Chromosomal Markers Protein Profi ling
Slide 15 : Minisatellite 3% of the human genome length from 6 bp to more than 100 bp Southern blots restriction-enzyme-digested genomic DNA
Slide 16 : Minisatellites in ONE person Similar yet different among minisatellites DNA Sequence Length of repeats Similar minisatellites, but different length of repeats Different minisatellites: different DNA sequence
Slide 17 : Multi-loci probe vs. single locus probe ‘B’ probe ‘A’ probe 40 32 10 ‘A’ probe is a single locus probe because its DNA sequence only recognize one specific minisatellite ‘B’ probe is a multi-loci probe because its DNA sequence only recognize multiple minisatellites 20
Slide 18 :
Slide 19 : DNA profi ling using single-locus probes (SLPs)
Slide 20 : Amplifi ed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) minisatellite loci with relatively short (~1000 bp) D1S80 Then developed in to a novel genotyping system by japan police force Minisatellite variable repeat (MVR)-PCR
Slide 21 : Microsatellites 1–5 bp typically repeated 5–30 times. Have advantages in degraded and/or limited amounts of DNA. Sensitive can even recover information from a single cell. AmpFlSTR® Profi ler® kit
Slide 22 : Microsatelites
Slide 23 : SNPs in forensic SNP genotyping: hybridization, primer extension, ligation. single base extension (SBE) is currently the preferred method.
Slide 24 :
Slide 25 : SNP in mitochondrial DNA EDNAP’s mitochondrial DNA population database project (EMPOP). HV-I (position 16 024–16 400). HV-II (position 44–340).
Slide 26 : Forensic DNA phenotyping sex, age, height, weight, colours of hair, eyes and skin.
Slide 27 : The X chromosome Tri- and hexanucleotide repeats are more abundant in exons. whereas other repeats are more abundant in non-coding regions.
Slide 28 : Cont. kinship testing. trace analysis. Paternity testing. Paternity cases involving blood-relatives. four marker pairs by using the PCR kit Mentype® Argus X-8
Slide 29 : Chromosome X–chromosome Y homologue markers ChrX–ChrY homologue are unique in the genome. locus DXYS156, which is located at Yp11.3 and Xq21.2-3.
Slide 30 : MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Slide 31 : Y chromosome
Slide 32 : Protein profiling Using of known protein markers for quantitative protein profiling assays.
Slide 33 : Liquid chromatography assays Immunochromatography assay format (human chorionic gonadotrophin) Microarray Macroarray Mass Spectrometry
Slide 34 : Protein markers Time of Death Lifestyle Biometrics Trauma and Death
Slide 35 :

 


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