Acute Respiratory PPT | Acute Respiratory Distress | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Causes | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treatment: SlideWorld Medical PPT Search Engine

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Send This

Download

Comment

Favourite

more

Rating :	Rate It:

Notes

Show Notes

Slide 1 :

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME Lyonel Carre PGY2 SICU conf 10/02/06

Slide 2 :

ARDSDefinition Severe, acute lung injury involving diffuse alveolar damage, increased microvascular permeability and non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Acute refractory hypoxemia Annual incidence 75/100,000 in the US High mortality- 40%-60% First described in 1967

Slide 3 :

ARDS Criteria Acute onset of respiratory failure Bilateral infiltrate on CXR(some cases do present unilaterally or with pleural effusion PCWP <18 or absence of left atrial htn, PaO2/FiO2 < 200

Slide 4 :

ARDS

Slide 5 :

ARDS mechanism of lung injury Activation of inflammatory mediators and cellular components resulting in damage to capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells Increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane Influx of protein rich edema fluid and inflammatory cells into air spaces Dysfunction of surfactant

Slide 6 :

Slide 7 :

ARDS causes Direct Lung Injury: a) PNA and aspiration of gastric contents or other causes of chemical pneumonitis b) pulmonary contusion, penetrating lung injury c) fat emboli d) near drowning e) inhalation injury f) reperfusion pulm edema after lung transplant

Slide 8 :

ARDS causes Indirect lung injury a) sepsis b) severe trauma w/ shock hypoperfusion c) drug over dose d) cardiopulmonary bypass e) acute pancreatitis f) transfusion of multp blood products

Slide 9 :

Stages of ARDS 1. Exudative (acute) phase - 0- 4 days 2. Proliferative phase - 4- 8 days 3. Fibrotic phase - >8 days 4. Recovery

Slide 10 :

ARDS exudative and fibrotic phases

Slide 11 :

Predictors of outcome Factors whose presence can be used to predict the risk of death at the time of diagnosis of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome include a)chronic liver disease b)non-pulmonary organ dysfunction, c)sepsis, d)advanced age.

Slide 12 :

ARDS network study patients with ALI/ARDS at 10 centers, 861 patients Patients randomized to tidal volumes of 12 mL /kg or 6 ml/kg(volume control, assist control, plat Press = 30 cm H2O) 22% reduction in mortality in patients receiving smaller tidal volume Number-needed to treat: 12 patients

Slide 13 :

ARDS Network Study 6ml/kg 12m/kg PaCO2 43 ± 12 36 ±9 Respiratory rate 30 ± 7 17 ± 7 PaO2/F /FIO2 160 ± 68 177 ± 81 Plateau pressure 26 ± 7 34 ± 9 PEEP 9.2 ± 3.6 8.6 ± 4.2

Slide 14 :

ARDSnet protocol Calculated predicted body weight(pbw) male: 50+2.3[height(inches)-60] female: 45.5+2.3[height(inches)-60] Mode: Volume assist-control Change rate to adjust minute ventilation(not>35/min) PH goal 7.30-7.45 Plateau press<30cmh20 PaO2 goal: 55-80mmhg or SpO2 88-95% FiO2/PEEP combination to achieve oxygenation goal.

Slide 15 :

ARDSnetHow to select PEEP PEEP/FiO2 relationship to maintain adequate PaO2/SpO2 PaO2 goal: 55-80mmHg or SpO2 88-95% use FiO2/PEEP combination to achieve oxygenation goal FIO2 PEEP

Slide 16 :

ARDSNetVentilator protocol

Slide 17 :

ARDS Ventilator setting Greatest Lung strain PC IRV(I:E 2:1), least w/ PC (I:E 1:2) and intermediate w/ VC (I:E 1:2) No difference in gas exchanged, hemodynamics, and plateau pressure No difference in outcome w/ ARDS pts randomized to pressure control vs volume cycled PC(n=37), VC(n=42). Edibam et al Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2003 Esteban et al , Chest 2000

Slide 18 :

Permissive Hypercapnia Low Vt (6ml/kg) to prevent over-distention increase respiratory rate to avoid very high level of hypercapnia PaCO2 allowed to rise Usually well tolerated May be beneficial Potential Problems: tissue acidosis, autonomic dysregulation, CNS effect, and circulatory effects

Slide 19 :

HISTORY OF ALTERNATIVE VENTILATORY STRATEGIES FOR ACUTE LUNG INJURYAND THE ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.

Slide 20 :

ARDSTreatment Ventilator-induced lung injury: it was previously thought that oxygen toxicity was one of the most important factors in the progression of ARDS and resultant mortality. Recently, it was found that high volume(volutrauma) and high press(barotrauma) are equally if not more detrimental to these pts Treatment strategy is one of low volume and high frequency ventilation(ARDSNet protocol) Search for and treat the underlying cause Treat abdominal infx promptly w/ abx and surgery Ensure adequate nutrition and place on GI/DVT prophylaxis Prevent and treat nosocomial infx Consider short course of high dose steroids in pts w/ severe dz that is not resolving.

Slide 21 :

When all else fails.. Recruitment maneuvers Prone Inhaled nitric oxide High frequency oscillation

Slide 22 :

ARDSnet and Long-term outcome 120pts randomized to low Vt or high Vt a) 25%mortality w/ low tidal volume b) 45% mortality w/ high tidal volume 20% had restricitve defect and 20% had obstructive defect 1 yr after recovery About 80% had

There is no comments now for this Slide.

Post a comment

Post Comment on Twitter Post Comment on SlideWorld

Comments:

Subscribe to follow-up comments

Acute Coronary Syndr...

Acute Hepatitis B Wh...

Acute Coronary Syndr...

Acute Diarrhea and E...

Acute Myocardial Inf...

The Long QT Syndrome...

Free Powerpoint Templates

	SlidesOnline 4 Years ago. Category: General

Tags:	other

4830 Views, 0 favourite
E 1:2) No difference in gas exchanged, hemodynamics, and plateau pressure; No difference in outcome more E 1:2) No difference in gas exchanged, hemodynamics, and plateau pressure; No difference in outcome w/ ARDS pts randomized to pressure control vs volume cycled PC(n=37 less