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Chapter 42 Introduction to the Cardiovascular System

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Slide 1 :

Chapter 42Introduction to the Cardiovascular System

Slide 2 :

The Cardiovascular System Components Pump (heart) Interconnected series of tubes that continually move blood throughout the body Functions Delivering oxygen and nutrients to all of the cells of the body Removing waste products for excretion

Slide 3 :

Anatomy of the Heart

Slide 4 :

Direction of the Blood Flow of the Heart Deoxygenated blood Right atrium, through tricuspid valve to right ventricle, through pulmonary valve to the lungs Oxygenated Blood Through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium, through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, through the aortic valve to the aorta

Slide 5 :

Periods of the Cardiac Cycle Diastole Period of rest Blood is returned to the heart by veins Systole Period of contraction, or systole Blood is pumped out of the heart

Slide 6 :

Components of the Conduction System of the Heart SA node Atrial bundles AV node Bundle of His Bundle branches Purkinje fibers

Slide 7 :

Five Phases of the Action Potential of the Cardiac Muscle Cell Phase 0 Occurs when the cell reaches a point of stimulation Phase 1 Short period when the sodium ion concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell Phase 2 Plateau stage: Occurs as the cell membrane becomes less permeable to sodium

Slide 8 :

Five Phases of the Action Potential of the Cardiac Muscle Cell (cont.) Phase 3 Period of rapid repolarization as the gates are closed and potassium rapidly moves out of the cell Phase 4 The cell comes to rest as the sodium–potassium pump returns the membrane to its previous state

Slide 9 :

A Sacromere, the Functional Unit of Cardiac Muscle

Slide 10 :

Factors That May Affect the Cardiac Rate and Rhythm Drugs Acidosis Decreased oxygen levels Changes in the electrolytes in the area Buildup of waste products

Slide 11 :

Critical Points of the ECG P–R interval Reflects the normal delay of conduction at the AV node Q–T interval Reflects the critical timing of repolarization of the ventricles S–T segment Reflects important information about the repolarization of the ventricles

Slide 12 :

Types of Arrhythmias Sinus arrhythmias Supraventricular arrhythmias Atrioventricular block Ventricular arrhythmias

Slide 13 :

Types of Supraventricular Arrhythmias Premature atrial contractions (PACs) Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) Atrial flutter Atrial fibrillation

Slide 14 :

Courses of the Circulation of the Blood Heart–lung or pulmonary circulation The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs Carbon dioxide and some waste products are removed from the blood Oxygen is picked up by the red blood cells Systemic circulation The left side of the heart sends oxygenated blood out to all of the cells in the body

Slide 15 :

Forces Determining Oxygen Consumption Heart rate The more the heart has to pump, the more oxygen it will require to do that Preload Amount of blood that is brought back to the heart to be pumped around Afterload Resistance against which the heart has to beat Stretch on the ventricles

arun on Oct 08, 2009 Says :

its good...............

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Sinus arrhythmias; Supraventricular arrhythmias ; Atrioventricular block ; VentricularParoxysmal at more Sinus arrhythmias; Supraventricular arrhythmias ; Atrioventricular block ; VentricularParoxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) Atrial flutter; Atrial fibrillation less

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