HUMAN REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY 269 Powerpoint Presentation

HUMAN REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY 269

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Slide 1 :

HUMAN REPRODUCTIONBIOLOGY 269

Slide 2 :

Today’s Humor: In June of 1992, town councilors in Hearst, Ontario, ended the long-time traditions of requiring prospective bridegrooms to be locked in cages in the center of town, on public display. The tradition usually goes no further than allowing the townspeople to throw eggs and tomatoes at the men for a price in part to help the couple get started financially, but a few years ago, in an extreme case, one man was given an enema with a grease gun. Local clergy advised the councilors that some men so fear the prospect that they decline marriage altogether. News of the Weird

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Both male and female reproductive functions controlled by hormones It all starts with the pituitary gland

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Pituitary gland secretes Estrogen: Stimulates development of female sexual characteristics Stimulates contractions of oviduct Stimulates endometrium of uterus to proliferate Inhibits secretion of more FSH from pituitary Seminiferous tubules don’t secrete any other hormones, so FSH secretion by pituitary remains constant

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Pituitary gland secretes Progesterone Continues to inhibit secretion of FSH from pituitary Keeps endometrium of uterus ready for embryo implantation Inhibits contraction of muscle (myometrium) of uterus Testosterone Stimulates development of male sexual characteristics Does not inhibit LH secretion by pituitary, so LH remains constant

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If fertilization occurs: HCG stimulates corpus luteum of ovary to continue secreting progesterone; this inhibits menstruation and inhibits the pituitary from secreting FSH, so another follicle will not start to develop If fertilization does not occur: As levels of progesterone fall, menstruation occurs as the myometrium (muscle) of the uterus contracts and the functional layer of its endometrium falls off. The pituitary is no longer inhibited and begins to secrete FSH again

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The pituitary gland secretes two more hormones involved in reproduction: During pregnancy, pituitary secretes this causes the breast to

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During menstruation, pituitary secretes , which causes During childbirth, pituitary secretes which causes During breastfeeding, sucking on nipple causes pituitary to secrete which causes

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Oxytocin levels increase sharply during early stages of attraction and sexual arousal. This starts a “positive feedback loop” which increases your receptivity even more and increases your sensitivity to sexual signals from others and to sexual stimulation. Increased levels of oxytocin also leads to feelings of both emotional and sexual attraction: “The hormone of love”. Oxytocin continues to rise during sexual activity, eventually triggering both the muscular contractions and the positive emotional responses of orgasm. For the same reason, oxytocin has also been called “The hormone of masturbation” since any sexual stimulation starts the same positive feedback loop, leading to increased sensitivity and eventually orgasm.

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Women produce more oxytocin than men during arousal and intercourse, but also require these higher levels to get the same level of arousal and to reach orgasm. Oxytocin: significant differences between men and women Oxytocin levels fall rapidly in men after intercourse, but stay elevated much longer in women. This has been linked to women’s increased desire for a continued connection with her mate after intercourse, and to men’s relative lack of this desire. Women secrete more oxytocin in response to emotional and verbal cues; Men secrete more oxytocin in response to physical and visual cues. x

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HCG stimulates corpus luteum of ovary to continue secreting progesterone; this inhibits menstruatio more HCG stimulates corpus luteum of ovary to continue secreting progesterone; this inhibits menstruation and inhibits the pituitary from secreting FSH, … less