Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Powerpoint Presentation

Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder

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Slide 1 :

Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Herbert Y. Meltzer, MD Bixler Professor ofPsychiatry and Pharmacology Vanderbilt University C

Slide 2 :

CO-2 Overview of Presentation Suicidal behavior in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder Suicidal behavior as a separate domain from psychosis Pre-InterSePT evidence for Clozaril® effects on suicidal behavior C

Slide 3 :

CO-3 Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia “ Patients with dementia praecox often need hospitalization to prevent aggression against others and suicide.” Emil Kraepelin, 1897 “ The suicidal drive is clearly the most serious of schizophrenic symptoms.” Eugen Bleuler, 1911 C

Slide 4 :

CO-4 The Spectrum of Suicidal Behavior 20% to 40% of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder attempt suicide§ 4% to 13% die by suicide|| Annual number of suicides in US for schizophrenia is 3,600¶ Suicidal thoughts Suicide plans Suicide attempts Suicide Communicated behavior Observed behavior §Roy et al, 1984; Landmark et al, 1987; Heila et al, 1998; Harkavy-Friedman et al, 1999.||Tsuang, 1978; Heila et al, 1997; Osby et al, 2000; ¶US Surgeon General. C

Slide 5 :

Suicidal Behavior as a Domain Separate From Psychosis C

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CO-6 Suicidal Behavior Is a Separate Domain from Psychosis Successful treatment of positive symptoms does not eliminate the risk of suicide attempts or completion. Lifetime and current suicidal behavior not significantly different between neuroleptic-resistant and neuroleptic-responsive patients.§ C §Meltzer, 1997.

Slide 7 :

CO-7 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Lifetime Suicidal Ideation and Attempts N = Meltzer et al, Case Western Reserve MHCRC, unpublished data. 164 4 87 9 148 27 C

Slide 8 :

CO-8 No Significant Correlation Between Psychopathology and Suicidal Behavior(N = 390) Psychopathology Measures Rho P value HAM-Depression Total 0.418 .0001 BPRS-Anxiety/Depression 0.349 .0001 BPRS-Positive Symptoms 0.086 .09 BPRS-Negative Symptoms –0.005 .9 Quality of Life Scale –0.009 .8 Global Assessment of Function Scale –0.052 .2 Meltzer and Okayli, 1995 and unpublished data. C

Slide 9 :

CO-9 The Burden of Suicidal Behavior Psychosocial Physical and mental disability Disruption of personal and family life Financial Average cost for suicide attempt in US, mostly due to cost of hospitalization: $33,000§ §Palmer et al, 1995. C

Slide 10 :

Pre-InterSePT Evidence for Clozaril® Effects on Suicidal Behavior C

Slide 11 :

CO-11 Reduction of Suicidal Behavior During Clozaril® Treatment§ Compared suicidal behavior 2 yr before and 2 to 5 yr on Clozaril N = 88: 73 schizophrenia 15 schizoaffective disorder Retrospective and prospective information from patients, informants, medical records Clozaril monotherapy, weekly monitoring, assessment, and psychosocial treatment program §Meltzer and Okayli, 1995. C

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Slide 13 :

CO-13 Registry Data for the Effect of Clozaril® on Suicidal Behavior US Clozaril Registry (2 studies, 1994 to 1998) reported that Clozaril reduced the rate of completed suicide compared with treatment as usual§ Reviews of data from treatment registries (Texas and UK) also showed that treatment with Clozaril reduced the rate of completed suicide|| §Meltzer and Okayli, 1995; Reid et al, 1998. ||Reid et al, 1998; Munro et al, 1999. C

Slide 14 :

Epidemiologic Evidence for Anti-Suicidal Effects of Clozaril® Prior to InterSePT Walker et al, 1997

Slide 15 :

CO-15 Study Objectives Determine death due to all causes associated with Clozaril® use Subjects: patients in the Clozaril National Registry (CNR) from 1991 until end of 1993 Patients age 10 to 54 yrs 67,072 current and former Clozaril users§ 85,399 patient-years of exposure to Clozaril §Maximum duration of Clozaril use was < 4 years.

Slide 16 :

CO-16 Study Methods Clozaril® users were grouped into “current” (0 - 14 days since last WBC record) “recent” (15 - 106 days) “past” (> 107 days) Mortality data from the CNR were matched with National Death Index and Social Security Administration Death Master Files CNR = Clozaril National Registry.

Slide 17 :

CO-17 Deaths Due to Suicide as a Function of Clozaril® Exposure Walker et al, 1997.

Slide 18 :

CO-18 Standardized Mortality Ratios for Current and Recent Exposure Current Clozaril® users had a 54% lower risk of death from any cause than past Clozaril users The risk of death by suicide was reduced by 83% Suicide accounted for 19% of all deaths Walker et al, 1997.

Slide 19 :

CO-19 Conclusion of Walker et al Study Clozaril® reduced the risk of completed suicide Data are consistent with previous findings The reduced suicide rate was the largest contributor to the lower overall mortality rate in the Clozaril current-user group The beneficial effect of Clozaril on suicide did not persist after it was discontinued

Slide 20 :

CO-20 Overall Considerations (1) Attempted suicide is an important public health issue, occurring in 20% to 40% of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder Attempted suicide is a major burden on patients, families, and society Suicidal behavior is a separate domain from psychosis Extensive previous research suggested that Clozaril® reduces suicidal behavior C

Slide 21 :

CO-21 Overall Considerations (2) InterSePT (International Suicide Prevention Trial) was desi

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Attempted suicide is an important public health issue, occurring in 20% to 40% of patients with sch more Attempted suicide is an important public health issue, occurring in 20% to 40% of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder ... less